Vinculaciones entre autoestima, capital social y bienestar psicológico en adultos mayores: efectos de la pandemia de COVID-19 en las dinámicas de interacción social
Date
Subject
mercado laboral
adulto mayor
autoestima
depresión
labor market
older adult
self-esteem
depression
adulto mayor
autoestima
depresión
labor market
older adult
self-esteem
depression
Language:
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo (INTEC)
Introducción:
En el presente artículo se investiga la relación entre autoestima, capital social, confianza y satisfacción con el capital social en personas mayores de 60 años en América Latina1 en 2022 en el marco de la pandemia de COVID-19.
Método:
Se llevó a cabo una encuesta semiestructurada aplicada a una muestra no probabilística de 255 personas mayores de 60 años de América Latina, provenientes de República Dominicana, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Bolivia y México. Los datos fueron procesados y se construyeron índices de cada dimensión siguiendo la Escala de Rosenberg (1965) y el trabajo de Lee, Lee y Song (2019). Posteriormente se evaluó la normalidad de los indicadores, su distribución y correlación desagregando los resultados por sexo y rango etario, ya sean mayores o menores de 60 años.
Resultados:
Los resultados indican que la pandemia afectó negativamente el capital social debido al distanciamiento social y la pérdida de interacciones, afectando la salud mental de los adultos mayores. Además, se encontraron diferencias significativas en la autoestima entre hombres y mujeres (p=0.01), pero no en capital social, satisfacción y confianza. También se observaron diferencias en los promedios de capital social entre hombres mayores y menores de 60 años (p=0.03). No hubo diferencias significativas en mujeres mayores y menores de 60 años ni en hombres mayores y mujeres. Entre hombres menores de 60 años y mujeres, solo la autoestima mostró diferencia significativa (p=0.01).
Conclusiones:
para mejorar la autoestima y la salud mental de las personas mayores, se deberían fomentar espacios de interacción que fortalezcan tanto la red social como la confianza interpersonal.
Introduction: This article investigates the relationship between self-esteem, social capital, trust, and satisfaction with social capital in people over 60 years of age in Latin America in 2022, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A semi-structured survey was conducted with a non-probabilistic sample of 255 people over 60 years old from Latin America, originating from the Dominican Republic, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Bolivia, and Mexico. The data were processed, and indices were constructed for each dimension using the Rosenberg Scale (1965) and the work of Lee, Lee, and Song (2019). The normality of the indicators, their distribution, and correlation were then evaluated, disaggregating the results by gender and age group, whether older or younger than 60 years. Results: The results indicate that the pandemic negatively affected social capital due to social distancing and loss of interactions, impacting the mental health of older adults. Significant differences were found in self-esteem between men and women (p=0.01), but not in social capital, satisfaction, and trust. Differences were also observed in social capital averages between men older and younger than 60 years (p=0.03). There were no significant differences in women older and younger than 60 years or between older men and women. Among men under 60 and women, only self-esteem showed a significant difference (p=0.01). Conclusions: To improve the self-esteem and mental health of older adults, spaces for interaction that strengthen both social networks and interpersonal trust should be promoted.
Introduction: This article investigates the relationship between self-esteem, social capital, trust, and satisfaction with social capital in people over 60 years of age in Latin America in 2022, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A semi-structured survey was conducted with a non-probabilistic sample of 255 people over 60 years old from Latin America, originating from the Dominican Republic, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Bolivia, and Mexico. The data were processed, and indices were constructed for each dimension using the Rosenberg Scale (1965) and the work of Lee, Lee, and Song (2019). The normality of the indicators, their distribution, and correlation were then evaluated, disaggregating the results by gender and age group, whether older or younger than 60 years. Results: The results indicate that the pandemic negatively affected social capital due to social distancing and loss of interactions, impacting the mental health of older adults. Significant differences were found in self-esteem between men and women (p=0.01), but not in social capital, satisfaction, and trust. Differences were also observed in social capital averages between men older and younger than 60 years (p=0.03). There were no significant differences in women older and younger than 60 years or between older men and women. Among men under 60 and women, only self-esteem showed a significant difference (p=0.01). Conclusions: To improve the self-esteem and mental health of older adults, spaces for interaction that strengthen both social networks and interpersonal trust should be promoted.
Description
Type
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Artículos evaluados por pares
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Artículos evaluados por pares
Source
Science and Society; Vol. 49 No. 3 (2024): Science and Society; 59-79
Ciencia y Sociedad; Vol. 49 Núm. 3 (2024): Ciencia y Sociedad; 59-79
2613-8751
0378-7680
10.22206/cys.2024.v49i3
Ciencia y Sociedad; Vol. 49 Núm. 3 (2024): Ciencia y Sociedad; 59-79
2613-8751
0378-7680
10.22206/cys.2024.v49i3