Contaminación de aguas por elementos metálicos traza y empleo de carbón activado para su remoción
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Trace metallic elements
contamination
toxicity
adsorption
activated carbon
elementos metálicos traza
contaminación
toxicidad
adsorción
carbón activado
contamination
toxicity
adsorption
activated carbon
elementos metálicos traza
contaminación
toxicidad
adsorción
carbón activado
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Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo (INTEC)
La contaminación de las aguas es uno de los principales problemas ambientales que la comunidad científica internacional enfrenta actualmente, debido al vertiginoso aumento del vertimiento deslocalizado de compuestos orgánicos persistentes y elementos metálicos traza, cuya presencia tiene un elevado impacto en la salud humana y los ecosistemas. En el presente trabajo se realizó un análisis bibliográfico sobre la contaminación de aguas superficiales por elementos metálicos traza y sus principales fuentes de contaminación, dentro de las cuales la actividad minera e industrial son las principales fuentes antrópicas que contribuyen con el aumento de dichos contaminantes. Se exponen algunas de las sintomatologías derivadas del envenenamiento por elementos metálicos traza como el arsénico, plomo, mercurio y cromo en humanos. También se investigó sobre las ventajas y desventajas de los métodos convencionales (precipitación química, floculación/coagulación, intercambio iónico, membranas) y no convencionales (adsorción, fitorremediación, pilas de combustión microbianas y el uso de nanotecnologías) empleados en el tratamiento de las aguas contaminadas por elementos metálicos traza. La metodología más empleada para la eliminación de los elementos metálicos traza es la adsorción y el adsorbente más utilizado es el carbón activado (CA). En este trabajo se abunda sobre la relación entre los parámetros externos (pH, temperatura y fuerza iónica) e internos (área superficial, tamaño de poros y la presencia de heteroátomos) en el proceso de adsorción empleando el CA y de las fuentes de materia prima para la obtención de estos.
Water pollution is currently one of the main environmental problems that the international scientific community faces due to the vertiginous increase in delocalized dumping of persistent organic compounds and heavy metals, whose presence has a high impact on human health and ecosystems. In the present work, a bibliographic search was carried out on the contamination of surface waters by heavy metals and their main sources of contamination, within which mining and industrial activity are one of the main anthropic sources that contribute to the increase of these contaminants. In the work, some of the symptoms derived from poisoning by heavy metals such as arsenic, lead, mercury and chromium in humans are exposed. The advantages and disadvantages of conventional methods (chemical precipitation, flocculation/coagulation, ion exchange, membranes) and non-conventional methods (adsorption, phytoremediation, microbial combustion cells and the use of nanotechnologies) used in water treatment were also investigated. contaminated by heavy metals. The most used methodology for the elimination of heavy metals is adsorption and the most used adsorbent is activated carbon (AC). This work abounds on the relationship between external parameters (pH, temperature and ionic strength) and internal parameters (surface area, pore size and the presence of heteroatoms) in the adsorption process using AC and raw material sources to obtain it.
Water pollution is currently one of the main environmental problems that the international scientific community faces due to the vertiginous increase in delocalized dumping of persistent organic compounds and heavy metals, whose presence has a high impact on human health and ecosystems. In the present work, a bibliographic search was carried out on the contamination of surface waters by heavy metals and their main sources of contamination, within which mining and industrial activity are one of the main anthropic sources that contribute to the increase of these contaminants. In the work, some of the symptoms derived from poisoning by heavy metals such as arsenic, lead, mercury and chromium in humans are exposed. The advantages and disadvantages of conventional methods (chemical precipitation, flocculation/coagulation, ion exchange, membranes) and non-conventional methods (adsorption, phytoremediation, microbial combustion cells and the use of nanotechnologies) used in water treatment were also investigated. contaminated by heavy metals. The most used methodology for the elimination of heavy metals is adsorption and the most used adsorbent is activated carbon (AC). This work abounds on the relationship between external parameters (pH, temperature and ionic strength) and internal parameters (surface area, pore size and the presence of heteroatoms) in the adsorption process using AC and raw material sources to obtain it.
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Artículos
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Science, Environment and Climate; Vol. 6 No. 1 (2023): Science, Environment and Climate; 9-44
Ciencia, Ambiente y Clima; Vol. 6 Núm. 1 (2023): Ciencia, Ambiente y Clima; 9-44
2636-2333
2636-2317
10.22206/cac.2023.v6i1
Ciencia, Ambiente y Clima; Vol. 6 Núm. 1 (2023): Ciencia, Ambiente y Clima; 9-44
2636-2333
2636-2317
10.22206/cac.2023.v6i1