Estatus laboral de los adultos mayores en América Latina durante 2016-2020. Una discusión sobre el impacto de la pandemia por la Covid-19
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mercado laboral
adulto mayor
autoestima
depresión
labor market
elderly
workforce
adulto mayor
autoestima
depresión
labor market
elderly
workforce
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Journal ISSN
Volume Title
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Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo (INTEC)
Introducción: el presente artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar el estatus laboral de los adultos mayores en América Latina con énfasis en el impacto producido por la COVID-19 en 2020.
Método: se caracterizó la dinámica laboral de las personas mayores de 60 años con encuestas de hogares de siete países de Latinoamérica, las cuales se resumieron con un pseudopanel. Se realizó un análisis de varianza (ANOVA) para identificar las diferencias entre países, sexo y regiones urbanas y rurales. Se estimaron regresiones por MCO para cuantificar el efecto diferencial existente y, particularmente, el cambio producido en 2020.
Resultados: se identificó una correlación negativa (β = -0.75, p = 0.00) entre la cobertura del ingreso pensional y la participación de las personas mayores en el mercado laboral. Por lo cual, las deficiencias en la seguridad social estarían motivando la permanencia en el trabajo de las personas mayores. Dicha participación se redujo 11 puntos porcentuales (p.p.) entre 2016 y 2020, principalmente Costa Rica, Colombia y Chile, así como en las zonas urbanas y entre los hombres. El desempleo aumentó 1 p.p. de manera especial en las zonas urbanas, y el subempleo se mantuvo invariante.
Conclusiones: las diferencias en la participación laboral están mediadas por roles de género y la estructura económica de los países y de las zonas urbanas y rurales. Se evidencia un deterioro en el estatus socioeconómico que no se compensa con el leve incremento en la cobertura del ingreso pensional. Las mujeres parecen enfrentarse a una mayor exclusión y autoexclusión del mercado laboral.
Introduction: The objective of this article was to analyze the employment status of older adults in Latin America with an emphasis on the impact produced by COVID-19 in 2020. Method: The labor dynamics of people over 60 years of age were characterized by household surveys from seven Latin American countries, which were summarized with a pseudo-panel. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to identify differences between countries, gender, and urban and rural regions. OLS regressions were estimated to quantify the existing differential effect, particularly the change produced in 2020. Results: A negative correlation was identified (β = -0.75, p = 0.00) between pension income coverage and the participation of the elderly in the labor market. Therefore, the deficiencies in social security would motivate the participation in the labor market of the elderly. This participation decreased by 11 percentage points (p.p.) between 2016 and 2020, mainly in Costa Rica, Colombia, and palmente Costa Rica, Colombia y Chile, así como en Chile, as well as in urban areas and among men. Unemployment increased one p.p., especially in urban areas, and underemployment remained unchanged. Conclusions: The differences in labor participation are mediated by gender roles and the economic structure of the countries and urban and rural areas. There is evidence of a deterioration in the socioeconomic status that is not offset by the slight increase in pension income coverage. Women face greater exclusion and self-exclusion from the labor market.
Introduction: The objective of this article was to analyze the employment status of older adults in Latin America with an emphasis on the impact produced by COVID-19 in 2020. Method: The labor dynamics of people over 60 years of age were characterized by household surveys from seven Latin American countries, which were summarized with a pseudo-panel. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to identify differences between countries, gender, and urban and rural regions. OLS regressions were estimated to quantify the existing differential effect, particularly the change produced in 2020. Results: A negative correlation was identified (β = -0.75, p = 0.00) between pension income coverage and the participation of the elderly in the labor market. Therefore, the deficiencies in social security would motivate the participation in the labor market of the elderly. This participation decreased by 11 percentage points (p.p.) between 2016 and 2020, mainly in Costa Rica, Colombia, and palmente Costa Rica, Colombia y Chile, así como en Chile, as well as in urban areas and among men. Unemployment increased one p.p., especially in urban areas, and underemployment remained unchanged. Conclusions: The differences in labor participation are mediated by gender roles and the economic structure of the countries and urban and rural areas. There is evidence of a deterioration in the socioeconomic status that is not offset by the slight increase in pension income coverage. Women face greater exclusion and self-exclusion from the labor market.
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Artículos evaluados por pares
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Artículos evaluados por pares
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Science and Society; Vol. 48 No. 1 (2023): Science and Society; 69-90
Ciencia y Sociedad; Vol. 48 Núm. 1 (2023): Ciencia y Sociedad; 69-90
2613-8751
0378-7680
10.22206/cys.2023.v48i1
Ciencia y Sociedad; Vol. 48 Núm. 1 (2023): Ciencia y Sociedad; 69-90
2613-8751
0378-7680
10.22206/cys.2023.v48i1